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REVIEW ARTICLE
Dental caries prevalence of children in Kerala: A paradigm shift needed toward a Kerala model of health
Faizal C Peedikayil, Akhila Ansari
July-December 2019, 7(2):29-33
DOI
:10.4103/ijcd.ijcd_6_20
Kerala state in India ranks high in the health-care indicators and is considered to be giving high importance in primary health care. This review of literature was done to know the the prevalence of dental caries in children below 16 years of age in Kerala State. Online search for articles in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar fetched 15 articles. The prevalence of caries in those articles was reviewed and discussed with other studies and systematic reviews published recently on the dental caries in India. This review shows that the prevalence of dental caries in children is high. Considering the status of Kerala in health-care facilities and reach to the grassroots level, it is recommended that government can bring about new initiatives to decrease the prevalence of dental caries in Kerala.
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102
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Evaluation of deproteinization on clinical success and longevity of pit and fissure sealants on erupting permanent first molars – An
In vivo
study
KB Roopa, Ashwin Bahanan Abraham, P Poornima, K Mallikarjuna, NB Nagaveni, IE Neena
July-December 2019, 7(2):42-48
DOI
:10.4103/ijcd.ijcd_1_20
Objective:
Higher protein content in the maturing enamel could hamper adequate etching for sealant application. Removing the organic content could improve its adhesion due surface alterations in the enamel. To enhance retention of sealants, higher protein content in immature permanent molar enamel could be deproteinized with sodium hypochlorite. Hence, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of deproteinization with 5% sodium hypochlorite before and after acid etching on the longevity of pit and fissure sealants.
Methodology:
One hundred and five immature first permanent molar in 35 children aged 6–9 years were included. In Group A, a protocol of etching, bonding and sealant application was followed. In Group B and Group C, deproteinization was done after and before etching, respectively, followed by bonding and sealant application. Groups were examined at 3, 6, and 9 months for sealant retention using Simonsen's criteria.
Results:
Intergroup comparison for retained sealants across all three groups over 9 months revealed that retention is more in Group A, followed by Group B and least in Group C.
Conclusion:
Deproteinization does not have an added advantage in the retention of pit and fissure sealant over routine acid etching method. Deproteinization after etching is better compared to deproteinization before etching.
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Assessment of knowledge and anxiety among dentists in the state of Himachal Pradesh toward the COVID-19 pandemic
Parveen Dahiya, Anushika Pajnoo, Asheema Malhotra, Rajan Gupta
January-June 2020, 8(1):4-7
DOI
:10.4103/ijcd.ijcd_5_20
Background:
During the early days of March, the surge of COVID-19 patients was evident in India. Effective control measures were adopted timely to overcome this deadly pandemic, but the limited knowledge among the researchers as well as the healthcare professionals caused it to be a worldwide pandemic and created a scare throughout the world.
Aim:
In this survey, we aim to study the knowledge and anxiety among dentists in the state of Himachal Pradesh toward the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and Methods:
An online survey was conducted among general dentists studying or practicing in the state of Himachal Pradesh, with a sample size of 670 dentists based on convenience sampling. A self-developed online questionnaire was formulated comprising 24 questions. It was divided into demography, knowledge, and anxiety, with each having 4, 11, and 9 questions, respectively.
Results:
The survey revealed that the responders had adequate knowledge regarding COVID-19 as well as effective preventive measures to protect themselves as well as their families. Around 70% of people were well aware of the clinical manifestations of the virus. Anxiety was observed among dentists due to the rapidly progressing nature of this virus throughout the world. Around 50% of the people were anxious about facing any health-related issues due to corona infection. Conclusion: Thus, we feel there is a need for better sources of knowledge regarding this pandemic and methods to protect oneself, as well as care for the good mental health of the dentists.
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Oral habits and sociodemographic factors as determinants of tooth wear lesions among the elderly population in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Omoigberai Bashiru Braimoh, Grace Onyenashia Alade
July-December 2018, 6(2):30-35
DOI
:10.4103/ijcd.ijcd_5_18
Background:
Knowledge of the risk factors of tooth wear is necessary for the prevention and effective treatment of tooth wear lesions. The objective of this study was to investigate sociodemographic factors and oral habits associated with tooth wear in the elderly in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Subjects and Methods:
The study was an observational research design in which participants were selected by systematic random sampling. Data were collected using pilot-tested questionnaire and tooth wear recorded using tooth wear index of Smith and Knight. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Multiple regression analysis and Chi-Square test was used to test association between variables. Significance was inferred at
P
< 0.05 at 95% confidence interval.
Results:
Tooth wear was significantly higher in males than in females (
P
= 0.03). There was a significant increase in tooth wear with increasing age (
P
= 0.001). Individuals with a lower level of education had significant higher tooth wear than those with a higher level of education (
P
= 0.01). There was a significant association (
P
< 0.05) between tooth wear lesions and tooth cleaning technique, materials used for cleaning the teeth, toothbrush texture, and consumption of carbonated soft drink. However, the association between tooth wear and teeth grinding as well as frequency of teeth cleaning was not significant (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion:
Consumption of carbonated soft drinks, toothbrushing technique, toothbrush texture, and materials used for tooth cleaning were risk indicators of tooth wear among the elderly population. Therefore, oral health education of the elderly and the general population on appropriate diet and oral hygiene practices is advocated.
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186
An assessment of oral health status and treatment needs of professional bus drivers in Chennai
Aparna Sukumaran, Madan Kumar Parangimalai Diwakar, Shivakumar Mahadeva Shastry
July-December 2018, 6(2):45-50
DOI
:10.4103/ijcd.ijcd_8_18
Background:
Bus drivers represent a special population group or community who deserve to be attended both on oral and general health due to the various occupational and environmental hazards they encounter in their daily life. The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status and treatment needs of professional bus drivers in Chennai.
Methods:
Cross sectional data was collected from 860 professional bus drivers in Chennai city. A specially designed questionnaire was used to assess the demographic variables, oral hygiene practices, tobacco usage, sweet consumption and work related stress. A clinical examination was done according to WHO criteria 1997 and recorded using WHO oral health assessment form.
Results:
The mean age of the study population was 40.25 years. With regard to sweet score, about 739 (85.9%) drivers were in “watch out” zone. There was significant correlation between sweet scores and DMFT (
P
= .000). About 524 (60.9%) drivers felt stress at work, 78(9.1%) drivers had leukoplakia, 5 (0.6%) had ulceration, 7 (0.8%) had candidiasis and 30(3.5%) had other conditions. The mean DMFT was 5.53. About 471 (54,8%) had dental calculus, 107 (12.4%) had periodontal pocket depth 6mm or more.
Conclusion:
The oral health status of bus drivers was poor with high prevalence of periodontal disease and dental caries.
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Estimation and correlation of the amount of fluoride output in urine after the application of fluoride gel and fluoride varnish in children with early childhood caries
Savitha Sathya Prasad, Allwin Antony Thottathil, KS Neethu
January-June 2019, 7(1):1-6
DOI
:10.4103/ijcd.ijcd_6_19
Introduction:
As all the topical fluorides contain a high concentration of fluorides and it is started at an early age when the swallowing reflexes are not well established, there is every chance the child may ingest a high amount of fluoride. As there are inconsistencies related to the usage of fluoride varnish in children, there is a need to study the toxicological aspects of fluoride varnish.
Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to estimate the amount of fluoride output through urine after the application of fluoride varnish and gel and to assess the safety levels of the same in early childhood caries (ECC) patients.
Methodology:
This study was conducted on twenty ECC-rehabilitated children of age group 4–6 years who were divided into two phases. In Phase I, the children were subjected to acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel, and in Phase II, they were subjected to Fluor Protector varnish. In Phase I, the urine samples of each child were collected for the estimation of fluoride level which was considered as the baseline sample. After the application of APF gel, two urine samples were collected at 24 and 48 h for the estimation of fluoride levels. The same children were included in Phase II and were given placebo dentifrice for 7 days before commencing the procedure. The same experiment was repeated after the application of Fluor Protector varnish, and the collected urine samples were subjected for the estimation of fluoride level in laboratory with the use of fluoride ion-specific electrode and a miniature calomel reference electrode coupled to potentiometer. Values were recorded and the urinary fluoride concentration at different time intervals in each group was compared using the Friedman test followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Results:
The mean urinary fluoride concentration in Group 1 at 24 h was 1.09 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.52) and at 48 h 0.74 (SD = 0.44). The mean urinary fluoride concentration in Group 2 at 24 h was 1.18 (SD = 0.65) and at 48 h 0.94 (SD = 0.59). There was a gradual increase in the 24
th
-h sample of both the groups, which also showed a decline of fluoride concentration at the 48
th
h. When both the groups were compared, Group 2 showed a marginal increase in fluoride concentration at different intervals of time, which was statistically nonsignificant.
Conclusions:
Fluor Protector varnish had an increased sustained release of fluoride ions when compared to APF gel, and there was a gradual decrease in the fluoride concentration which suggested that the fluoride concentration was approximating the baseline level (the safety level). The present study has provided a sound basis of recommendation for the safe and effective use of professionally applied fluoride products.
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Knowledge, attitude, and practices of dental students regarding medical emergency preparedness in Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh
Priyanka Sharma, Pema Dorjee Khriney, Priyadarshani Pradhan, Priya Chettri, Pratick Dahal, Sumeet Bhatt
January-June 2019, 7(1):11-14
DOI
:10.4103/ijcd.ijcd_5_19
Background:
Medical emergencies in dental clinics are sometimes life-threatening situations requiring immediate attention. Dental professionals should have adequate skills to manage such emergencies in dental setup. The aim of this study was to investigate knowledge, attitude, and practices of dental students regarding medical emergency preparedness.
Materials and Methods:
One-hundred and thirteen dental students (52 interns and 61 postgraduates) participated in this questionnaire-based survey. A close-ended pretested questionnaire consisting of 17 questions was used to assess the study parameters. Comparison of responses of interns and postgraduates was done using Chi-square test. The level of significance for this study was fixed at
P
< 0.05.
Results:
Postgraduates had a better knowledge of diagnosis of medical emergencies than interns (
P
= 0.001). More postgraduates had attended a workshop on medical emergency management (
P
< 0.001) and had given intramuscular injections (
P
= 0.001) than interns.
Conclusions:
The basic knowledge and practices regarding medical emergency management were better in postgraduates than interns. Expertise in the management of medical emergencies is essential for dental health-care professionals. Students should be trained better in medical emergency management at undergraduate level.
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Spinal cord injury and oral health status: A systematic review
Ravi Karthikayan, Aparna Sukumaran, Kiran Iyer, Madan Kumar Parangimalai Diwakar
July-December 2018, 6(2):21-26
DOI
:10.4103/ijcd.ijcd_4_18
Aim:
To assess the oral health status in patients with various levels of spinal cord injury.
Data Sources:
Relevant studies were included from the period of January 2007 to October 2017 via MEDLINE, EMBASE and GOOGLE SCHOLAR, TRIP DATABASE. The search identified no randomized control trials for the proposed research question. The first set of terms included 'oral health status of spinal cord injury patient. The second set included the term 'oral health', 'dental health' separated by Boolean operator “OR” 'and the third set included the term 'spinal cord injury patient, 'upper limb paralysed patients 'separated by Boolean operator “OR.
Conclusion:
Based on inclusion criteria 5 articles were included. The methodological quality of the selected articles were assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) 1998. The study results implied that the oral health among SCI patients was fair which is due to poor oral hygiene practices, greater levels of plaque, gingival bleeding and increase levels of caries experience. Oral hygiene instructions should be given in these patients and the caregivers should be trained adequately to maintain the oral hygiene of these physically compromised patients.
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* Source: CrossRef
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